So, these two men, at different times, traveled across the Atlantic in search of a new land (which would be Boston) where they could escape English persecution and preach their version—a “purer” version—of Christianity. Both the segregationists and the assimilationists think there is something wrong with Black people and that’s why Black people are on the lower and dying end of racial inequity. And Africans. Reynolds reads from Chapter 1. I watched the televised and untelevised killings of unarmed Black human beings at the hands of cops and wannabe cops. In 1692, when Parris’s nine-year-old daughter suffered convulsions and chokes, he believed she’d been possessed or cursed by a witch. So, all that antiracist talk coming from the Mennonites was shut down because slaveholders didn’t like their business talked about like it was wrong. More of a shakedown man, a kidnapper getting a commission for bringing the king captives. GradeSaver, 9 September 2020 Web. This is a present book. They make clear that they want to write a history book that is “not a history book,” and to paint a chronology of the United States in a manner that highlights its relevance today. Because he was so insecure about his speech impediment, Cotton Mather took to writing, and eventually he would write more sermons than any other Puritan in history. Antiracists. Think of it this way. This story demonstrates the connections between institutionalized religion, education, and racism. Stamped, Racism, Antiracism, and You by Jason Reynolds & Ibram X. Kendi Discussion Questions 1. This is not a history book. And by prisoners, I mean property. They definitely didn’t want the religion of their masters. Zurara’s ace, his trick shot, was that the Portuguese had enslaved Africans (of all shades, by the way) supposedly for the purpose of saving their wretched souls. Enslavers became more open to these ideas over time, right up until the First Great Awakening, which swept through the colonies in the 1730s, spearheaded by a Connecticut man named Jonathan Edwards. Authors Jason Reynolds and Ibram X. Kendi share how their book “Stamped” aims to illuminate racism in America in an unconventional and stimulating way. The Muslims had riches, and if Prince Henry could get the Muslims out of the way, then those riches and resources could be easily accessed. During the time of Blake’s rule, Cotton Mather, a descendent of both John Cotton and Richard Mather, was an eleven-year-old student at Harvard. And in that survey, Africanus echoed Zurara’s sentiments of Africans, his own people. As the population of enslaved people grew, which is what slaveholders needed in order to till the land and grow the tobacco for free, the fear of more revolt grew with it. Black people are five times more likely to be incarcerated than Whites. But if tobacco was really going to bring in some money, if it was really going to be the natural resource used to power the country, then they would need more human resource to grow it. In August 1619, a Spanish ship carrying Angolan slaves was hijacked by pirates and brought to Jamestown, Virginia. ORDER NOW → LEARN MORE → How to Be an Antiracist #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER. There are lazy, hardworking, wise, unwise, harmless, and harmful individuals of every race, but no racial group is better or worse than another racial group in any way. All that was needed to complete this oppressive puzzle was slaves. When I was growing up, we called this “drinking the Kool-Aid” or “selling out.” So sometimes, over the course of a lifetime (and even over the course of a day), people can take on and act out ideas represented by more than one of these three identities. Simply put, Ham’s kids would be Black and bad, ultimately making Black… bad. Black people are five times more likely to be incarcerated than Whites. It's called "Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, And You." So, these two men, at different times, traveled across the Atlantic in search of a new land (which would be Boston) where they could escape English persecution and preach their version—a “purer” version—of Christianity. He saw himself as the defender of God’s law and the crucifier of any non-Puritan, African, Native American, poor person, or woman who defied God’s law by not submitting to it. BEFORE WE BEGIN, LET’S GET SOMETHING STRAIGHT. A great writer snatches the human eye in the way that a thumping beat snatches the human ear, makes your head bob up and down. And the reason this was a one-up on his competitors, the Spanish and Italians, was because they were still enslaving eastern Europeans, as in White people (not called White people back then). He’d come from an elite family, gotten an elite education, and lived an elite, though pious, life, far from the planters and even farther from the slaves. National Book Award Winner. They definitely didn’t want the religion of their masters. Mennonites didn’t want to leave behind one place of oppression to build another in America, so they circulated an antislavery petition on April 18, 1688, denouncing oppression due to skin color by equating it with oppression due to religion. I want to understand racism today to understand how it is affecting me today. In 1676, an English colonial administrator, Edward Randolph, had journeyed to New England to see the damage done by Metacomet, the indigenous war hero, and his warriors. The antiracists say racism is the problem in need of changing, not Black people. Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You by Jason Reynolds and Dr. Ibram X. Kendi ex-plores the legacy of racism throughout the entire history of the United States of Amer-ica. Assimilationists are people who like you, but only with quotation marks. The ones that feel more like a list of dates (there will be some), with an occasional war here and there, a declaration (definitely gotta mention that), a constitution (that too), a court case or two, and, of course, the paragraph that’s read during Black History Month (Harriet! Not the kind who roots for a team and pumps up a crowd, but he was a man who made sure the team he played for was represented and heralded as great. And there was no better way to begin his career as a clergyman than for him to co-pastor his father’s (also a preacher) church. A century later, the tradition—one that would go on indefinitely—of writing about the African was alive and well and more creative than ever. And, actually, these aren’t just the words we’ll be using to describe the people in this book. You’re thinking, How could anyone know who the world’s first racist was? His father was just as obsessed, but no one poured gasoline on the witchy fire like a minister in Salem, Massachusetts, named Samuel Parris. And the first thing they did to spread the Puritan way was find other people who were like-minded. . A book to help us better understand why we are where we … It’s like saying, “I look at my dog like I look at my children, even though I’ve trained my dog to fetch my paper by beating it and yanking its leash.”. There will come a time when Americans will realize that the only thing wrong with Black people is that they think something is wrong with Black people. He believed that the most unblemished, purest, perfect minds belonged to Whites, which basically meant Africans had dirty brains. Meaning, they “like” you because you’re like them. All property owned by a slave is sold, which of course contributes to Black poverty. The #1 New York Times bestselling, "must-read" (San Francisco Chronicle), "amazingly timely and stunningly accessible" (Jacqueline Woodson) exploration of race and racism from award-winning, beloved authors Jason Reynolds and Ibram X. Kendi, now in paperback.This is NOT a history book.This is a book about the here and now. as if it were a hog’s, and paraded his remains around Plymouth. Solve for x. Many agreed it was climate, and that if African people lived in cooler temperatures, they could, in fact, become White. Seems like a natural fear in response to such an unnatural system. In acknowledging America’s racist present, we can work toward building an antiracist America. One Puritan accuser described the devil as “a little black bearded man”; another saw “a black thing of a considerable bigness.” And in nearly every instance, “the devil” who was preying upon innocent White Puritans was described as Black. And an antiracist America is sure to come. And if you aren’t saying that, well… you’re a liar. Your impact lingers on, even when it’s poisonous. It’s like saying, “I look at my dog like I look at my children, even though I’ve trained my dog to fetch my paper by beating it and yanking its leash.” Even before Thomas Jefferson and the other founders declared independence in 1776, Americans were arguing over racial inequities, over why they exist and persist, and over why White Americans as a group were prospering more than Black Americans as a group. I thought there were certain things wrong with Black people (and other racial groups). All of us. This behavior would become a repeated pattern throughout American history: Black people became the scapegoats for national problems. This is a book about the here and now. The Puritans in New England had already lost homes and dozens of soldiers. REMEMBER JOHN COTTON AND RICHARD MATHER, the Puritans who got the American race ball rolling? Some may believe race isn’t an issue anymore, that it’s a thing of the past, old tales of bad times. Most were so boring, written in ways I could not relate to. There will come a time when racist ideas will no longer obstruct us from seeing the complete and utter abnormality of racial disparities. But when I learned the motives behind the production of racist ideas, it became obvious that this folktale, though sensible, was not true. Here he was, a White laborer who was also being taken advantage of by the White elite. Or minister and member. He spoke about human equality (in soul) and the capability of everyone for conversion. And, guess what, you wouldn’t be the first. Only one of the most irrefutable books of the time: the Bible. This 86-page guide for “Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You” by Jason Reynolds and Ibram X. Kendi includes detailed chapter summaries and analysis covering 28 chapters, as well as several more in-depth sections of expert-written literary analysis. Others encourage the sprouting of weeds, weeds that work to strangle whatever’s living and growing around them. Thankfully. But remember, America was full of planters and missionaries. Like they were maybe animals, or monsters, or aliens, but not human—at least not like Whites—and therefore didn’t have to be treated as such. The thief known as racism is all around. So now big brother was threatening to step in and clean up little brother’s mess, which meant Massachusetts would lose local rule if it didn’t defy the king. Zurara was an obedient commander in Prince Henry’s Military Order of Christ and would eventually complete his book, which would become the first defense of African slave trading. A generation later, slavery touched down in the newly colonized America. This is free download Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You by Jason Reynolds complete book soft copy. The authors present three key terms: segregationists, assimilationists, and antiracists. In this particular case, the case of Vanini’s theory of polygenesis, a group of Mennonites in Germantown, Pennsylvania, rose up. The ones that feel more like a list of dates (there will be some), with an occasional war here and there, a declaration (definitely gotta mention that), a constitution (that too), a court case or two, and, of course, the paragraph that’s read during Black History Month (Harriet! As we say now, “Hit ’em in their pockets, where it. And just like that, the groundwork was laid not only for slavery to be justified but for it to be justified for a long, long time, simply because it was woven into the religious and educational systems of America. Zimmerman’s racist ideas in 2012 transformed an easygoing Trayvon Martin walking home from a 7-Eleven holding watermelon juice and Skittles into a menace to society holding danger. In August 1619, a Spanish ship called the San Juan Bautista was hijacked by two pirate ships. Human property. And just as it went with the theorists who came before him—the racist children of Zurara—Cotton Mather’s ideas and writings spread from Massachusetts throughout the land. He wrote the story, a biography of the life and slave trading of Prince Henry. It isn’t neat and perfectly shaped. African Americans make up 40 percent of the incarcerated population. An antiracist idea is any idea that suggests that racial groups are equals. My daughter pushes the window in a predominately white public school district. And before I tell you about him, I have to give you a little context. This is NOT a history book. Those of you who see racism regularly robbing people of liberty, whether as a violent stickup or as a sly pickpocket. Some may believe race isn’t an issue anymore, that it’s a thing of the past, old tales of bad times. In the opening pages, Ibram Kendi and Jason Reynolds clarify that Stamped is not a history book, but rather a “present book” meant to take the reader on a journey through the emergence of racism to better understand the modern world. In 1577, after noticing that Inuit people in northeastern (freezing-cold) Canada were darker than the people living in the hotter south, English travel writer George Best determined—conveniently for all parties interested in owning slaves—that it couldn’t have been climate that made darker people inferior, and instead determined that Africans were, in fact, cursed. And this obsession would set a fire he couldn’t have seen coming, but welcomed as the will of God. Or, at least, it’s not that kind of history book. And when I say brewing, I mean… people were dying. (First of all, could you imagine someone on the Travel Channel telling you that you’re cursed? The Question and Answer section for Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You is a great Born in western Europe in the mid-1400s, racist ideas traveled to colonial America and have lived in the United States from its beginning. Aristotle believed that Greeks were superior to non-Greeks. A great writer makes my head bob from side to side. Like a pop song that everyone claims to hate, but everyone knows the words to, and then suddenly no one hates the song anymore, and instead it becomes an anthem. So, he had to devise a way to turn poor Whites and poor Blacks against each other, so that they’d be forever separated and unwilling to join hands and raise fists against the elite. Except for the fact that race has been a strange and persistent poison in American history, which I’m sure you already know. Of course, this would mean they were a different species. And with those like-minded folks, they created schools to enforce higher education skewed toward their way of thinking. And the new slaves would cause a bit of conflict between the two. Hold it. And because of their miraculous journeys across the raging ocean, especially Richard Mather’s, they believed they were a chosen people. This chapter book edition of the #1 New York Times bestseller by luminaries Ibram X. Kendi and Jason Reynolds is an essential introduction to the history of racism and antiracism in America RACE. This depiction over time would even begin to convince some African people that they were inferior, like al-Hasan Ibn Muhammad al-Wazzan al-Fasi, a well-educated Moroccan who was on a diplomatic journey along the Mediterranean Sea when he was captured and enslaved. They’re also the words we’ll be using to describe you. To know the present it to know yourself.” ― Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You Well, he’s dead. And with those like-minded folks, they created schools to enforce higher education skewed toward their way of thinking. And before I tell you about him, I have to give you a little context. And guess what he does when he gets to the new school? Download Save. Which for many of us still feels rated R. Or can be matched only with another R word—run. In acknowledging America’s racist present, we can work toward building an antiracist America. It was easy to read, in a conversational style, though of course much of it infuriating to read … Well, turns out they had a grandson. There are serious definitions to these things, but… I’m going to give you mine. Over the next few months, as bewitching instances continued to happen, people continued to be accused of witchcraft, which, luckily for folks like Cotton Mather, turned attention away from the political and onto the religious. Solve for White. Booming. Which for many of us still feels rated R. Or can be matched only with another R word—run. When I was in school and first really learning about racism, I was taught the popular origin story. Pory set the price of tobacco, and thereby helped to create the nation’s first cash crop. And in 1689, New Englanders did just that. That seed? In it, Zurara bragged about the Portuguese being early in bringing enslaved Africans from the Western Sahara Cape, and spoke about owning humans as if they were exclusive pairs of sneakers. Got it. But this comment is important. Once the witch hunt eventually died down, the Massachusetts authorities apologized to the accused, reversed the convictions of the trials, and provided reparations in the early 1700s. Special in the eyes of God. But the idea of it all let the new enslavers off the emotional hook and portrayed them as benevolent do-gooders “cleaning up” the Africans. It's called "Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, And You." All this is happening on their land. There was also work by the great English philosopher John Locke. He’d come from an elite family, gotten an elite education, and lived an elite, though pious, life, far from the planters and even farther from the slaves. Meaning, if not for racist ideas, George Zimmerman would not have thought the hooded Florida teen who liked LeBron James, hip-hop, and South Park had to be a robber. Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You study guide contains a biography of Jason Reynolds, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. And as this racist Christian awakening continued to evolve, as people like Edwards carried on the torch of torture, Cotton Mather continued to age. Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You - Section 1: 1415-1728 Summary & Analysis Jason Reynolds This Study Guide consists of approximately 44 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Stamped. Prince Henry was jealous. Basically, Cotton Mather was obsessed with being perfect and blamed himself for everything wrong or different with him, believing even his stutter, with which he struggled, was due to something sinful he’d done. An invisible demon (cue the scary music). Let’s take a time-out and acknowledge the irony in the fact that there was a planter whose last name was bacon. A land that was taken from them forcefully, claimed and owned by Europeans running from their homelands, afraid for their lives. They made it so that Greek and Latin texts could not be disputed. And the people there to usher it in and, more important, to use it to build this new country were two men, each of whom saw himself as a similar kind of do-gooder. Before we begin, let’s get something straight. The thing about revolution is that it almost always has to do with poor people angry about being manipulated by the rich. Martin!) By the time he graduated from Harvard, he’d overcome his stutter, which to him was, of course, a deliverance from God. Not this book. Some bodies get put into the ground and daisies bloom. Order Now → Learn More → Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America . A new set of racist codes. Instead of dividing ideas about race into a binary between racism and antiracism, Kendi splits the category of racism into two further subsections. CLIMATE THEORY: On the flip side, missionaries—coming down the line of Puritanism and Zurara’s propaganda—felt slavery was a means to salvation. He believed Africans were born of a “different Adam,” and had a different creation story. 2. Enslavers weren’t interested in hearing anything about converting their slaves. And the first thing they did to spread the Puritan way was find other people who were like-minded. That’s where we are. This is a book about the here and now. John Pory was one of the first lawmakers in the Virginia colony in the 1600s. Both men were ministers. A fiction writer? Now there’s an obvious backdrop we need to discuss—the subject of our first-grade, color-in-the-lines cornucopia worksheets. Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You, by Jason Reynolds and Ibram X. Kendi, Little, Brown and Company, 2020, pp. In addition, Francis Galton, a founding leader in eugenics, was inspired by Zurara’s narrative and its attempts at racial classification. Segregationists are haters. The grandson of two Puritan preachers had to grow up to be one. The Mennonites were a Christian denomination from the German- and Dutch-speaking areas of central Europe. How did Zurara do this? That would be hard to make happen even now in days is still racism but not as obvious as before. Being delivered from his stutter was a good thing, because he was destined for the pulpit. So sometimes, over the course of a lifetime (and even over the course of a day), people can take on and act out ideas represented by more than one of these three identities. They were painting a compassionate picture about what was certainly a terrible experience, because, well, human beings were being forced into servitude, and there’s no way to spin that into one big happy family. They were Puritans. You see the racist policies of slavery arrive first and then racist ideas follow to justify slavery. The R-word. Racist ideas cause people to look at an innocent Black face and see a criminal. Stamped is written in a casual, humorous style. Both oppressions were wrong. Puritans cut up his body (like… savages?) But only if they knew that most of the crimes be the white peoples for the simple of fact they think they could get away with anything because they look so innocent but now in days nobody is innocent . In 1577, after noticing that Inuit people in northeastern (freezing-cold) Canada were darker than the people living in the hotter south, English travel writer George Best determined—conveniently for all parties interested in owning slaves—that it couldn’t have been climate that made darker people inferior, and instead determined that Africans were, in fact, cursed. Because you are able to keep more of the money the business generates by not paying your workers. An antiracist idea is any idea that suggests that racial groups are equals. Cotton Mather, a wealthy intellectual from an elite family, was worried that the 1688 revolution would cause him to be “dethroned.” As a result of this looming threat, Cotton Mather started a witch hunt in order to distract from this threat. Du Bois, Abraham Lincoln, Angela Davis, and others? 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