alternatives to animal testing pdf

0000007872 00000 n 0000225652 00000 n This material is brought to you for free and … 0000011866 00000 n %%EOF OTA Project Staff Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education Roger C. Herdman,Assistant Director, OTA Health and Life Sciences Division Gretchen S. Kolsrud,Biological … 0000319719 00000 n Various alternatives to animal testing were proposed to overcome the drawbacks associated with animal experiments and avoid the unethical procedures. 0000008826 00000 n 0 0000124614 00000 n 0000008264 00000 n 0000005772 00000 n kLRÔ� -P�9#MRt�@� th�9� �r~6:Tl�!�CRِ�Ej�H#j߾�S�ǿwp�?�͂�8��8Ls%P��+�媂B�0�d�Zﲣm2u;�L��_�E��Y�e�Z��@6m��U�6m�?w�vȲ��I��8�@$�B�iL��?��7m�t�NA��o��^�ƈ9:08��5��`��b�c�2��h�;:c�J4�MV��57��c.�;�� v5�F�o��fU��͡\Ⲏ��4�D�x�7�ц5Cm�4Pc�2RCd�� K�yֆ^ba�0. 0000007950 00000 n Human cells have been used to create innovative little devices called ‘organs-on-chips’. )�-�3��P�Q��u:,PC4NC)�@8�M@�,�]0��Ft��2f�! 0000007639 00000 n 0000225429 00000 n 0000225139 00000 n 0000006689 00000 n 0000319940 00000 n 0000004386 00000 n 0000319302 00000 n 0000023930 00000 n 0000093410 00000 n A strategy of 3 Rs (i.e. 0000103800 00000 n 3Rs for Animal experiments In Vitro Alternative to animal experiments Toxicology Animal … 0000006849 00000 n Importance and advantages of alternatives to animal testing … 0000007245 00000 n 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. 0000008666 00000 n 0000008344 00000 n 244 Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education Figure 11-1.—Relation Between Number of Animals Used and Cost of Animal Use Acquisition Maintenance Total i.II .h + ‘x I The total cost of animal … 502 0 obj <> endobj At least 115 million animals are thought to be used for scientific purposes every year, worldwide (Taylor et al., 2008).Animals are typically used to test whether an intervention will cause harm to humans or other animals of the same or different species, i.e. 0000244480 00000 n 0000003588 00000 n 0000005364 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n PDF. 0000227633 00000 n 0000005478 00000 n 0000012238 00000 n Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the ethical issues of animal testing and demanding new kinds of products. 0000062466 00000 n �m�V��_�V�U(�PA6[F� ��v2��C}ĩs�F#1p�r6��\�n�T"M�c}�\A �b��n4�L2�� 4��1�Ϯ��A�y��)|�L�u��%��\Y1�Uo�ˊ�),�P(��(�7O�%�ڨ&�s�0 doing the type of animal testing they can here. 0000002874 00000 n 0000226003 00000 n The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by W.M.S. 0000005883 00000 n 0000006210 00000 n 62 MB Format : PDF, ePub, Docs Download : 752 Read : 796 Get This Book Various alternatives to animal testing were proposed to overcome the drawbacks associated with animal … 0000034129 00000 n In 1993 the 6 th Amendment to EU Directive 76/768/EEC was passed and contained a ban on the sale of newly animal-tested cosmetic products. 0000009276 00000 n The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0. Brill. These alternatives to animal testing include sophisticated tests using human cells and tissues (also known as in vitro methods), advanced computer-modeling techniques (often referred to as in silico models), and studies with human volunteers. 0000007717 00000 n 0000007167 00000 n 0000320327 00000 n Naturally there are … Burch (book) The seminal work that established the concept of the 3Rs of alternatives, in its entirely. Costs of Animal and Non-Animal Testing Humane Society International Some animal tests take months or years to conduct and analyze (e.g., 4-5 years, in the case of rodent cancer studies), at a … safety testing; or whether it will work, i.e. H��!� � 0000008987 00000 n 0000007008 00000 n Prokaryotes include different bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. Coli) or Bacillus subtilis. @. Different methods and alternative … 0000006367 00000 n The Modular Immune in vitro Construct (MIMIC) technology was developed by VaxDesign, a subsidiary of Sanofi Pasteur, as a high-throughput method for testing the immune system’s response to newly-developed vaccines. 0000007561 00000 n 0000320056 00000 n 0000004610 00000 n Taylor, K. (2019). Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. reduction, refinement and replacement) is being applied for laboratory use of animals. 0000003851 00000 n The origins of the concept of alternatives to animal testing in the 1950s, and the range of replacement alternative methods and progress toward their incorporation into fundamental and applied research, education are discussed. Different methods and alternative … ANIMAL TESTING 7 . 0000243125 00000 n 502 126 �$�l�L$'��sR�cx�8 ��25C{�9��c��Ҏ�T0�pR��Sc(j��M��A�j�9��(J�p� �};�C��E:�K��`@1� 0000320767 00000 n It's very cheap,\" said Hao Zhu, an associate professor of chemistry at Rutgers University in New Jersey. 0000008028 00000 n 0000010835 00000 n 0000007794 00000 n 0000243700 00000 n 0000243820 00000 n 0000005141 00000 n 0000006447 00000 n With that in mind, we will use this report’s findings to promote alternative … 0000034526 00000 n trailer <<475339DA39DD5748AA1B3B3A36242FCC>]>> This paper. 0000007482 00000 n 0000320872 00000 n Researchers are developing computational models that crunch huge quantities of research data to predict the effects of certain products on an organism.\"This is a very applicable approach. 0000140586 00000 n 216 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 218 /H [ 708 598 ] /L 554421 /E 7897 /N 23 /T 549982 >> endobj xref 216 15 0000000016 00000 n 0000000651 00000 n 0000001306 00000 n 0000001539 00000 n 0000002647 00000 n 0000002938 00000 n 0000003230 00000 n 0000004340 00000 n 0000006143 00000 n 0000006267 00000 n 0000006290 00000 n 0000007392 00000 n 0000007672 00000 n 0000000708 00000 n 0000001284 00000 n trailer << /Size 231 /Info 211 0 R /Root 217 0 R /Prev 549971 /ID[<9238f3963338cf637d4bcddd96f4234f><9238f3963338cf637d4bcddd96f4234f>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 217 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 210 0 R >> endobj 229 0 obj << /S 411 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 230 0 R >> stream 0000012341 00000 n 0000321956 00000 n Alternative testing methods have many advantages over traditional animal tests—including being more humane—but implementing an alternative from idea to acceptance can take years. 0000227904 00000 n Alternatives To Animal Testing Author : Horst Spielmann ISBN : 1013274288 Genre : Medical File Size : 56. Keywords. These and other non-animal methods are not hindered by species differences that make applying animal test … 0000319404 00000 n To st… The NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) is an NTP office focused on the development and evaluation of alternatives to animal use for chemical safety testing. 0000113462 00000 n 0000135942 00000 n 0000004834 00000 n startxref 0000003407 00000 n x�b``c`�� ̀ �l�,�,l� ��/�`Qi *��pҘ�2�׸�� p-zy;}B�s�U��^�;o_=��du��V��{�C킫��/�Y�v��+�D,z�昃�$�`E�Ɏu��9_?��'��nbRR�0�� 耨MK�9��Ja��P�� These can be used instead of animals to study biological and disease processes, as well as drug metabolis… 0000008586 00000 n These bacteria are the ideal model for genetic … Various alternatives to animal testing were proposed to overcome the drawbacks associated with animal experiments and avoid the unethical procedures. Alternatives to animal testing Page 5 Our responsibility Toward humans, animals and the environment As long as safety data obtained from animal testing are indispensable for an intended purpose, Henkel … 0000319820 00000 n MHjL�1�BL�)K��I@Fg�HKX0��|��#3��#2��wwww�� 0� �`jf0 ߔ 0000267812 00000 n 0000006041 00000 n 0000005626 00000 n ��@�G)!��&��9�N�O��n6�LfM��ȗ��i��p ��>��@H��JA��j��ΒSX��Jk�N��!/��3��3��%�ƙ ��0ͼ��pz��%i)�h2j�4��62B_ A replacement alternative is a test method that has been endorsed by an appropriate authority as being capable of fully replacing an existing regulatory test method with a method that does not use live animals… 0000011003 00000 n 0000008746 00000 n A strategy of 3 Rs (i.e. 0000319616 00000 n 0000033810 00000 n 0000321416 00000 n Running head: ETHICS, NEEDS, AND ALTERNATIVES OF ANIMAL TESTING 1 Ethics, Needs, and Alternatives of Animal Testing in Medical Research: … 0000011503 00000 n 0000003936 00000 n 0000004498 00000 n 0000024884 00000 n 0000005028 00000 n The in vitro … 0000008184 00000 n alternatives to testing on animals would be even greater than before. ��@�G)!��&��9�N�O��n6�LfM� � IE P��( �� .=��7 at1DB(�] The EU, consisting of 28 member states, became the world’s first set of countries to ban cosmetic animal testing and trade. To learn … 0000008106 00000 n 627 0 obj <>stream �� Next to in vitro alternatives that have been described and validated for the assessment of skin sensitization potency of chemical compounds, strategies to replace in vivo testing include in silico … 0000319462 00000 n xref Our programs seek to provide a better, safer, more humane future for people and animals. 176 Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education modest because the control group should be larger if it is being used in several simultaneous experi-ments (34), The use of historical data … Russell and R.L. 0000321694 00000 n 0000006928 00000 n %PDF-1.2 %�� ANIMAL TESTS VS. We believe the best science is humane science. Not testing products at all will make it nex t to impossible to develop new products. ... are an approach that can reduce the number of drugs going through safety and toxicology testing in animals, which would reduce the number of animals used in testing. ��!�� D�@�A��j.��q�h��7!8A� �Gh�Chl0�1�P�0��NFx@��5F� 3N��P��!�!��*�B��L��A� �Ic 4��6edc��x��&c. n�$��?a�*��t��BJ4��P�9-X��x�1�0SbÅ��2��* 0000008907 00000 n 583-609). 0000228599 00000 n 0000006769 00000 n 7Q��:AOȼ� �r()�j��/�� A��*��!�T��4��Ao��ɢ�� g=#�h�,8�>��g�S�z?�0�*��@�3��4ؕ��B]��̒r LM\��H��GL�� 0000244358 00000 n Furthermore, ECHA is developing a scientific framework to capture the growing experience in the assessment of the validity of read-across cases. The three R’s that is Replacement, Reduction, Refinement are defined. � � T 0� �`jf0 ߔ 0000321536 00000 n 0000003900 00000 n In … This is a PDF file of an … 0000006608 00000 n 0000034736 00000 n efficacy testing. 0000083659 00000 n 0000005251 00000 n 0000321825 00000 n ΋˽ endstream endobj 230 0 obj 489 endobj 218 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 213 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 219 0 R /F1 226 0 R /F4 224 0 R /F5 222 0 R >> /ProcSet 228 0 R >> /Contents 223 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 610 789 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 610 789 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 219 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F5 /BaseFont /Palatino-BoldItalic /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 250 333 500 500 500 889 833 250 333 333 444 606 250 389 250 315 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 250 250 606 606 606 444 833 722 667 685 778 611 556 778 778 389 389 722 611 944 778 833 667 833 722 556 611 778 667 1000 722 611 667 333 606 333 606 500 333 556 537 444 556 444 333 500 556 333 333 556 333 833 556 556 556 537 389 444 389 556 556 833 500 556 500 333 606 333 606 606 606 606 250 500 500 1000 556 556 333 1000 556 333 944 606 606 606 606 278 278 500 500 606 500 1000 333 1000 444 333 778 606 606 611 250 333 500 500 500 500 606 556 333 747 333 500 606 389 747 333 400 606 300 300 333 556 556 250 333 300 333 500 750 750 750 444 722 722 722 722 722 722 944 685 611 611 611 611 389 389 389 389 778 778 833 833 833 833 833 606 833 778 778 778 778 611 667 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 738 444 444 444 444 444 333 333 333 333 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 606 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 221 0 R >> endobj 220 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /NewCenturySchlbk-Bold /Flags 16418 /FontBBox [ -165 -250 1000 988 ] /MissingWidth 606 /StemV 154 /StemH 54 /ItalicAngle 0 /CapHeight 722 /XHeight 475 /Ascent 737 /Descent -205 /Leading 238 /MaxWidth 1000 /AvgWidth 604 >> endobj 221 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /Palatino-BoldItalic /Flags 16482 /FontBBox [ -170 -271 1073 926 ] /MissingWidth 606 /StemV 122 /StemH 122 /ItalicAngle -10 /CapHeight 681 /XHeight 469 /Ascent 726 /Descent -271 /Leading 197 /MaxWidth 1000 /AvgWidth 555 >> endobj 222 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F6 /BaseFont /NewCenturySchlbk-Bold /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 287 296 333 574 574 833 852 241 389 389 500 606 278 333 278 278 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 278 278 606 606 606 500 747 759 778 778 833 759 722 833 870 444 648 815 722 981 833 833 759 833 815 667 722 833 759 981 722 722 667 389 606 389 606 500 333 611 648 556 667 574 389 611 685 370 352 667 352 963 685 611 667 648 519 500 426 685 611 889 611 611 537 389 606 389 606 606 606 606 241 574 481 1000 500 500 333 1000 667 333 1000 606 606 606 606 241 241 481 481 606 500 1000 333 1000 500 333 907 606 606 722 287 296 574 574 574 574 606 500 333 747 367 500 606 333 747 333 400 606 344 344 333 685 747 278 333 344 367 500 861 861 861 500 759 759 759 759 759 759 981 778 759 759 759 759 444 444 444 444 833 833 833 833 833 833 833 606 833 833 833 833 833 722 759 611 611 611 611 611 611 611 870 556 574 574 574 574 370 370 370 370 611 685 611 611 611 611 611 606 611 685 685 685 685 611 667 611 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 220 0 R >> endobj 223 0 obj << /Length 225 0 R /Filter /LZWDecode >> stream 1 Introduction to Alternative Methods. 0000024280 00000 n Various alternatives to the use of animals have been suggested, such as in vitro models, cell cultures, computer models, and new imaging/analyzing techniques ( Balls, 2002 ). Download full-text PDF. 0000006527 00000 n 0000320989 00000 n One approach is to replace animals with algorithms. 0000073299 00000 n 0000320664 00000 n Download Full PDF Package. Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Recent developments in alternatives to animal testing. 0000243164 00000 n Described as a “Clinical Trial in a Test Tube™” by its developers, MIMIC utilizes donated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which contain immune cells such as monocytes, T cells and B cells. 0000010358 00000 n 0000228455 00000 n %PDF-1.7 %�� reduction, reﬁnement and replacement) is being applied for laboratory use of animals. 0000004722 00000 n Alternatives to Animal Research. 0000175582 00000 n 0000225938 00000 n To make sure that adequate time was given to find non-animal … 0000321284 00000 n The poor animals are even poorer in India as in recent past only, the UK-based National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS) issued a report on Indian animal testing … 0000008506 00000 n Testing on humans is also not even testing. 0000007087 00000 n Almost every type of human and animal cell can be grown in the laboratory. Animal testing alternatives fall into three main categories. Along with alternatives to animal testing, there are alternative lifestyle choices that can prevent people from having to use the drugs that are being tested on animals. Various alternatives to animal testing were proposed to overcome the drawbacks associated with animal experiments and avoid the unethical procedures. 0000051885 00000 n A short summary of this paper. 0000267851 00000 n IN VITRO* ALTERNATIVES * “In Vitro” refers to a test that uses cells or tissue contained in test-tubes or other laboratory equipment TYPE OF TEST COST Genetic toxicity Chromosome aberration animal test $30,000 in vitro test $20,000 Sister chromatid exchange animal … 0000321138 00000 n 0000320477 00000 n 0000320217 00000 n In Animal experimentation: working towards a paradigm change (pp. 0000009737 00000 n Learn more about … 0000003824 00000 n 0000024655 00000 n 0000007324 00000 n Scientists have even managed to coax cells to grow into 3D structures, such as miniature human organs, which can provide a more realistic way to test new therapies. 0000007404 00000 n Alternatives to Animal Testing No, there are not good alternatives to animal testing, because alternatives do not do a sufficient job of making sure products and medicines are safe. 0000319263 00000 n 0000008425 00000 n 0000113841 00000 n Prokaryotes are often used as an alternative to animal testing.

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